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rabbit mab against akt1  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc rabbit mab against akt1
    a-b Immunoblot (IB) analysis of lung tissues (LT) showed increased expression of <t>Akt1</t> and decreased expression of FoxO1 in Chfr ΔEC as compared to Chfr fl/fl (WT) mice ( n =4 mice/genotype). Shown are mean values ± SEM (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). C Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice injected with LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) for 0, 6, and 24 h were used to measure the expression of Akt1 in lung tissue. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). d-e Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight) for 0, 6, and 24 h. Thereafter, lung tissues harvested were used for RT-qPCR to measure the mRNA expression of Ang-2 ( d ) or IB analysis was performed to determine the expression of Ang-2 and Tie-2 ( e ). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).
    Rabbit Mab Against Akt1, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 694 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rabbit+mab+against+akt1/Akt1+Rabbit+mAb/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__31__715582-173-64-118
    Average 96 stars, based on 694 article reviews
    rabbit mab against akt1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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    1) Product Images from "Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells"

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    a-b Immunoblot (IB) analysis of lung tissues (LT) showed increased expression of Akt1 and decreased expression of FoxO1 in Chfr ΔEC as compared to Chfr fl/fl (WT) mice ( n =4 mice/genotype). Shown are mean values ± SEM (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). C Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice injected with LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) for 0, 6, and 24 h were used to measure the expression of Akt1 in lung tissue. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). d-e Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight) for 0, 6, and 24 h. Thereafter, lung tissues harvested were used for RT-qPCR to measure the mRNA expression of Ang-2 ( d ) or IB analysis was performed to determine the expression of Ang-2 and Tie-2 ( e ). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: a-b Immunoblot (IB) analysis of lung tissues (LT) showed increased expression of Akt1 and decreased expression of FoxO1 in Chfr ΔEC as compared to Chfr fl/fl (WT) mice ( n =4 mice/genotype). Shown are mean values ± SEM (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). C Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice injected with LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) for 0, 6, and 24 h were used to measure the expression of Akt1 in lung tissue. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). d-e Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight) for 0, 6, and 24 h. Thereafter, lung tissues harvested were used for RT-qPCR to measure the mRNA expression of Ang-2 ( d ) or IB analysis was performed to determine the expression of Ang-2 and Tie-2 ( e ). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Techniques Used: Western Blot, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Injection, Quantitative RT-PCR

    a Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to vWF (EC marker, green) and Akt1 (red). b Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to PECAM1 (EC marker, red) and PDGFRβ (pericyte marker, green). c Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were used for RT-qPCR to measure mRNA expression of Ang1 and Tie-2.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to vWF (EC marker, green) and Akt1 (red). b Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to PECAM1 (EC marker, red) and PDGFRβ (pericyte marker, green). c Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were used for RT-qPCR to measure mRNA expression of Ang1 and Tie-2.

    Techniques Used: Injection, Staining, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

    a HMEC were transfected with scrambled-siRNA (sc-siRNA) or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells stimulated with rAng1 (400 ng/ml) for different time intervals were used for IB analysis to determine phosphorylation of Akt1 at S473 and T308 ( n = 3 independent experiments). b Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC stimulated with rAng1 as above were stained with phospho-473-Akt1 specific antibody. c Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC were transfected with the Akt1 biosensor plasmid and then stimulated with rAng1 as above to assess live cell Akt1 activity by measuring the FRET ratio ( p <0.0001) ( left panel shows basal Akt activity; right panel shows Akt activity in response to rAng1 challenge). d-f Control HMEC and CHFR-siRNA treated HMEC stimulated with rAng1 were used for IB analysis to determine tyrosine phosphorylation Tie2 ( d ), phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 and phosphorylation of β-catenin ( e ), ( n = 3 independent experiments). a, d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: a HMEC were transfected with scrambled-siRNA (sc-siRNA) or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells stimulated with rAng1 (400 ng/ml) for different time intervals were used for IB analysis to determine phosphorylation of Akt1 at S473 and T308 ( n = 3 independent experiments). b Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC stimulated with rAng1 as above were stained with phospho-473-Akt1 specific antibody. c Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC were transfected with the Akt1 biosensor plasmid and then stimulated with rAng1 as above to assess live cell Akt1 activity by measuring the FRET ratio ( p <0.0001) ( left panel shows basal Akt activity; right panel shows Akt activity in response to rAng1 challenge). d-f Control HMEC and CHFR-siRNA treated HMEC stimulated with rAng1 were used for IB analysis to determine tyrosine phosphorylation Tie2 ( d ), phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 and phosphorylation of β-catenin ( e ), ( n = 3 independent experiments). a, d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Knockdown, Staining, Plasmid Preparation, Activity Assay

    a HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were used for IB analysis to determine expression of CHFR and Akt1. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). b-c HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were stained with antibodies specific to VE-cadherin, Akt1, and FoXO1. Confocal imaging shows that CHFR depletion in EC prevents LPS-induced degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin and nuclear accumulation of FoxO1. d CHFR depletion prevents LPS-induced expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA as above and exposed to LPS for different time periods were used for IB to determine expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. e LPS-induced time-course expression of FoxO1, CHFR, and Ang-2 in HLMVEC. HLMVEC exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h were used for IB. d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: a HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were used for IB analysis to determine expression of CHFR and Akt1. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). b-c HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were stained with antibodies specific to VE-cadherin, Akt1, and FoXO1. Confocal imaging shows that CHFR depletion in EC prevents LPS-induced degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin and nuclear accumulation of FoxO1. d CHFR depletion prevents LPS-induced expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA as above and exposed to LPS for different time periods were used for IB to determine expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. e LPS-induced time-course expression of FoxO1, CHFR, and Ang-2 in HLMVEC. HLMVEC exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h were used for IB. d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Expressing, Staining, Imaging

    a-d HLMVEC were pretreated with the Akt1 inhibitor (Akt1-inh) for 1 h before stimulation with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. IB analysis showed increased expression of FoxO1, Ang-2, and CHFR, whereas expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin was suppressed. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: a-d HLMVEC were pretreated with the Akt1 inhibitor (Akt1-inh) for 1 h before stimulation with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. IB analysis showed increased expression of FoxO1, Ang-2, and CHFR, whereas expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin was suppressed. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test).

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    a-b CHFR deficiency in EC prevents LPS-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1. HLMVEC transfected with sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells were challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 6 h in the presence of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (10 μM). Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-Akt1 mAb and blotted with antibodies specific to K 48 -linked poly-Ub or K 63 -linked poly-Ub ( n = 2 independent experiments) ( a ). Chfr fl/fl (WT) and Chfr ΔEC mice were challenged with LPS (10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 6 h. After the LPS challenge, lungs harvested were used to determine ubiquitylation of Akt1 as above in a (b) . c-f CHFR induces ubiquitylation of activated Akt1. c Control and CHFR-depleted HLMVEC were pretreated with inhibitors of PDK1 and mTORC2 for 30 min and then exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml). Thereafter, cell lysates were used for IB to assess phosphorylation of Akt1. d-e HLMVEC pretreated with or without PDK1 and mTORC2 inhibitors for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (6 h) in the presence of MG123 (10 μM) showed that CHFR binds and ubiquitylates phosphorylated Akt1. f HEK-293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (HA-Ub) (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with N-terminal GFP-tagged WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), N-terminal pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), and phosphorylation-defective Akt1 mutant (Akt1T308A/S473A) (1.5 μg/ml) plasmids. Thirty-six hours after transfection, cells were incubated with MG123 (10 μM) for 3h, and cell lysates were used to determine phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitylation of Akt1.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a-b CHFR deficiency in EC prevents LPS-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1. HLMVEC transfected with sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells were challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 6 h in the presence of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (10 μM). Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-Akt1 mAb and blotted with antibodies specific to K 48 -linked poly-Ub or K 63 -linked poly-Ub ( n = 2 independent experiments) ( a ). Chfr fl/fl (WT) and Chfr ΔEC mice were challenged with LPS (10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 6 h. After the LPS challenge, lungs harvested were used to determine ubiquitylation of Akt1 as above in a (b) . c-f CHFR induces ubiquitylation of activated Akt1. c Control and CHFR-depleted HLMVEC were pretreated with inhibitors of PDK1 and mTORC2 for 30 min and then exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml). Thereafter, cell lysates were used for IB to assess phosphorylation of Akt1. d-e HLMVEC pretreated with or without PDK1 and mTORC2 inhibitors for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (6 h) in the presence of MG123 (10 μM) showed that CHFR binds and ubiquitylates phosphorylated Akt1. f HEK-293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (HA-Ub) (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with N-terminal GFP-tagged WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), N-terminal pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), and phosphorylation-defective Akt1 mutant (Akt1T308A/S473A) (1.5 μg/ml) plasmids. Thirty-six hours after transfection, cells were incubated with MG123 (10 μM) for 3h, and cell lysates were used to determine phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitylation of Akt1.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Control, Phospho-proteomics, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Mutagenesis, Incubation

    a Schematics of the domain structures of human CHFR WT and mutants lacking forkhead-associated domain (ΔFHA-CHFR), RING finger domain (ΔRF-CHFR), cysteine-rich domain (ΔCR-CHFR), or poly-ADP ribose binding zinc-finger domain (ΔPBZ-CHFR) used in experiments. b Immunoblot showing expression of eGFP-tagged CHFR (WT) and CHFR mutants (1.5 μg/ml), along with pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) in HEK-293T cells. c Transfected HEK-293T cells were used for anti-GFP agarose beads pull-down assays. Results show that WT-CHFR and CHFR mutants bind to WT-Akt1 in vitro . Bottom panel shows quantification of CHFR binding to Akt1 as a ratio of Akt1-to-GFP-CHFR. arb. units, arbitrary units. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔFHA-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔRF-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), and WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) were used to assess ubiquitylation of Akt1. At 36 h after transfection, cells were incubated with MG132 (10 μM) for 3 h, and then cell lysates were used for IB analysis. e-f HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) or HA-tagged Ubiquitin where all Lysin (K) residues were mutated to Alanine (A) except at K48 or K63, along with WT-CHFR, and WT-Akt1 were used to determine CHFR-mediated linkage specific polyubiquitylation of Akt1.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a Schematics of the domain structures of human CHFR WT and mutants lacking forkhead-associated domain (ΔFHA-CHFR), RING finger domain (ΔRF-CHFR), cysteine-rich domain (ΔCR-CHFR), or poly-ADP ribose binding zinc-finger domain (ΔPBZ-CHFR) used in experiments. b Immunoblot showing expression of eGFP-tagged CHFR (WT) and CHFR mutants (1.5 μg/ml), along with pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) in HEK-293T cells. c Transfected HEK-293T cells were used for anti-GFP agarose beads pull-down assays. Results show that WT-CHFR and CHFR mutants bind to WT-Akt1 in vitro . Bottom panel shows quantification of CHFR binding to Akt1 as a ratio of Akt1-to-GFP-CHFR. arb. units, arbitrary units. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔFHA-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔRF-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), and WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) were used to assess ubiquitylation of Akt1. At 36 h after transfection, cells were incubated with MG132 (10 μM) for 3 h, and then cell lysates were used for IB analysis. e-f HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) or HA-tagged Ubiquitin where all Lysin (K) residues were mutated to Alanine (A) except at K48 or K63, along with WT-CHFR, and WT-Akt1 were used to determine CHFR-mediated linkage specific polyubiquitylation of Akt1.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, In Vitro, Incubation, Ubiquitin Proteomics

    HEK-293T cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). The transfected cells were stained with K 48 -linkage specific antibody. Confocal imaging showing the co-localization of HA-Ub (WT), pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), and eGFP-CHFR (WT).
    Figure Legend Snippet: HEK-293T cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). The transfected cells were stained with K 48 -linkage specific antibody. Confocal imaging showing the co-localization of HA-Ub (WT), pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), and eGFP-CHFR (WT).

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Staining, Imaging

    a schematic showing the workflow for LC-MS analysis. HEK293 cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). At 48 h post-transfection, cells were collected and subjected to urea lysis followed by trypsin digestion. The digested peptides were affinity-purified and immunoprecipitated with anti-di-glycine remnant antibodies to enrich for ubiquitylated peptides, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. b shows the Akt1 ubiquitylated “K” containing peptides identified by LC-MS. c Model of Akt1 protein structure showing ubiquitylation sites. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), or Ub-defective Akt1 (K30R, K268R, K39R+K268R, and K30R+K39R+K154R+268R) plasmids were used to study ubiquitylation of Akt1. IB analysis showed that the CHFR-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1 was blocked in “K to R” Akt1 mutants expressing cells compared with WT-Akt1.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a schematic showing the workflow for LC-MS analysis. HEK293 cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). At 48 h post-transfection, cells were collected and subjected to urea lysis followed by trypsin digestion. The digested peptides were affinity-purified and immunoprecipitated with anti-di-glycine remnant antibodies to enrich for ubiquitylated peptides, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. b shows the Akt1 ubiquitylated “K” containing peptides identified by LC-MS. c Model of Akt1 protein structure showing ubiquitylation sites. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), or Ub-defective Akt1 (K30R, K268R, K39R+K268R, and K30R+K39R+K154R+268R) plasmids were used to study ubiquitylation of Akt1. IB analysis showed that the CHFR-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1 was blocked in “K to R” Akt1 mutants expressing cells compared with WT-Akt1.

    Techniques Used: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Transfection, Lysis, Affinity Purification, Immunoprecipitation, Expressing

    a HMEC were transfected with WT or K/R-mutant Akt1 constructs. At 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 12, and 24h and then cells were used for IB to determine expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin. Shown are mean values ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). b TIME endothelial cells (telomerase-immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line) were transfected with WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs and stimulated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0 and 6 h. Confocal imaging showed that expression of K/R mutant Akt1 prevents degradation of VE-cadherin. c WT mice were injected (i.v.) with liposome-encapsulated pmCherry-tagged WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs. Lungs harvested 96 h after injection were subjected to cryosection and stained with EC marker antibody vWF (green). Confocal imaging confirms expression of pmCherry-Akt1 (red) plasmid in lung endothelial cells. d-f Liposome-mediated delivery of Akt1 (WT) or K/R-mutated Akt1 in WT mice prevents degradation of VE-cadherin, mitigates LPS-induced lung vascular leak (EBA uptake), and reduces PMN transmigration (MPO assay). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 or n = 5 mice/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). g Model for E3 ligase CHFR regulation of endothelial junctional barrier integrity. Under baseline condition, constitutive Ang1-Tie2 signaling in EC maintains endothelial junctional barrier through Akt1 activation-mediated inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 activation and Ang-2 expression. During vascular inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, TLR4 signaling induces the expression of E3 ligase CHFR in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Then the upregulated CHFR mediates K 48 -linked polyubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin (Tiruppathi et al., 2023) to disassemble EC junctional barrier. CHFR-mediated loss of FoxO1 negative regulator Akt1 expression in EC leads to increased FoxO1 expression which in turn promotes sustained expression of Ang-2 in EC to induce life-threatening pulmonary edema.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a HMEC were transfected with WT or K/R-mutant Akt1 constructs. At 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 12, and 24h and then cells were used for IB to determine expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin. Shown are mean values ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). b TIME endothelial cells (telomerase-immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line) were transfected with WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs and stimulated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0 and 6 h. Confocal imaging showed that expression of K/R mutant Akt1 prevents degradation of VE-cadherin. c WT mice were injected (i.v.) with liposome-encapsulated pmCherry-tagged WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs. Lungs harvested 96 h after injection were subjected to cryosection and stained with EC marker antibody vWF (green). Confocal imaging confirms expression of pmCherry-Akt1 (red) plasmid in lung endothelial cells. d-f Liposome-mediated delivery of Akt1 (WT) or K/R-mutated Akt1 in WT mice prevents degradation of VE-cadherin, mitigates LPS-induced lung vascular leak (EBA uptake), and reduces PMN transmigration (MPO assay). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 or n = 5 mice/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). g Model for E3 ligase CHFR regulation of endothelial junctional barrier integrity. Under baseline condition, constitutive Ang1-Tie2 signaling in EC maintains endothelial junctional barrier through Akt1 activation-mediated inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 activation and Ang-2 expression. During vascular inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, TLR4 signaling induces the expression of E3 ligase CHFR in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Then the upregulated CHFR mediates K 48 -linked polyubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin (Tiruppathi et al., 2023) to disassemble EC junctional barrier. CHFR-mediated loss of FoxO1 negative regulator Akt1 expression in EC leads to increased FoxO1 expression which in turn promotes sustained expression of Ang-2 in EC to induce life-threatening pulmonary edema.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Mutagenesis, Construct, Expressing, Imaging, Injection, Staining, Marker, Plasmid Preparation, Transmigration Assay, MPO Assay, Activation Assay, Inhibition

    Related Articles

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells
    Article Snippet: .. Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology. .. Mouse mAb against Akt1 (catalog #sc-5298; IB, 1:1000; IP, 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), and mouse mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #sc-374427; IS, 1:100) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

    Immunostaining:

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells
    Article Snippet: .. Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology. .. Mouse mAb against Akt1 (catalog #sc-5298; IB, 1:1000; IP, 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), and mouse mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #sc-374427; IS, 1:100) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

    Immunoprecipitation:

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells
    Article Snippet: .. Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology. .. Mouse mAb against Akt1 (catalog #sc-5298; IB, 1:1000; IP, 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), and mouse mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #sc-374427; IS, 1:100) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

    Ubiquitin Proteomics:

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells
    Article Snippet: .. Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology. .. Mouse mAb against Akt1 (catalog #sc-5298; IB, 1:1000; IP, 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), and mouse mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #sc-374427; IS, 1:100) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.



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    Image Search Results


    a-b Immunoblot (IB) analysis of lung tissues (LT) showed increased expression of Akt1 and decreased expression of FoxO1 in Chfr ΔEC as compared to Chfr fl/fl (WT) mice ( n =4 mice/genotype). Shown are mean values ± SEM (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). C Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice injected with LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) for 0, 6, and 24 h were used to measure the expression of Akt1 in lung tissue. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). d-e Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight) for 0, 6, and 24 h. Thereafter, lung tissues harvested were used for RT-qPCR to measure the mRNA expression of Ang-2 ( d ) or IB analysis was performed to determine the expression of Ang-2 and Tie-2 ( e ). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a-b Immunoblot (IB) analysis of lung tissues (LT) showed increased expression of Akt1 and decreased expression of FoxO1 in Chfr ΔEC as compared to Chfr fl/fl (WT) mice ( n =4 mice/genotype). Shown are mean values ± SEM (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). C Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice injected with LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) for 0, 6, and 24 h were used to measure the expression of Akt1 in lung tissue. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). d-e Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight) for 0, 6, and 24 h. Thereafter, lung tissues harvested were used for RT-qPCR to measure the mRNA expression of Ang-2 ( d ) or IB analysis was performed to determine the expression of Ang-2 and Tie-2 ( e ). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 mice/genotype/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Injection, Quantitative RT-PCR

    a Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to vWF (EC marker, green) and Akt1 (red). b Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to PECAM1 (EC marker, red) and PDGFRβ (pericyte marker, green). c Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were used for RT-qPCR to measure mRNA expression of Ang1 and Tie-2.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to vWF (EC marker, green) and Akt1 (red). b Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were collected at 0 and 6 h after i.p. injection of LPS (10 mg/kg bodyweight). Lung sections were stained with antibodies specific to PECAM1 (EC marker, red) and PDGFRβ (pericyte marker, green). c Lung tissues from Chfr fl/fl and Chfr ΔEC mice were used for RT-qPCR to measure mRNA expression of Ang1 and Tie-2.

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Injection, Staining, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

    a HMEC were transfected with scrambled-siRNA (sc-siRNA) or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells stimulated with rAng1 (400 ng/ml) for different time intervals were used for IB analysis to determine phosphorylation of Akt1 at S473 and T308 ( n = 3 independent experiments). b Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC stimulated with rAng1 as above were stained with phospho-473-Akt1 specific antibody. c Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC were transfected with the Akt1 biosensor plasmid and then stimulated with rAng1 as above to assess live cell Akt1 activity by measuring the FRET ratio ( p <0.0001) ( left panel shows basal Akt activity; right panel shows Akt activity in response to rAng1 challenge). d-f Control HMEC and CHFR-siRNA treated HMEC stimulated with rAng1 were used for IB analysis to determine tyrosine phosphorylation Tie2 ( d ), phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 and phosphorylation of β-catenin ( e ), ( n = 3 independent experiments). a, d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a HMEC were transfected with scrambled-siRNA (sc-siRNA) or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells stimulated with rAng1 (400 ng/ml) for different time intervals were used for IB analysis to determine phosphorylation of Akt1 at S473 and T308 ( n = 3 independent experiments). b Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC stimulated with rAng1 as above were stained with phospho-473-Akt1 specific antibody. c Control HMEC and CHFR knockdown HMEC were transfected with the Akt1 biosensor plasmid and then stimulated with rAng1 as above to assess live cell Akt1 activity by measuring the FRET ratio ( p <0.0001) ( left panel shows basal Akt activity; right panel shows Akt activity in response to rAng1 challenge). d-f Control HMEC and CHFR-siRNA treated HMEC stimulated with rAng1 were used for IB analysis to determine tyrosine phosphorylation Tie2 ( d ), phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 and phosphorylation of β-catenin ( e ), ( n = 3 independent experiments). a, d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Transfection, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Knockdown, Staining, Plasmid Preparation, Activity Assay

    a HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were used for IB analysis to determine expression of CHFR and Akt1. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). b-c HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were stained with antibodies specific to VE-cadherin, Akt1, and FoXO1. Confocal imaging shows that CHFR depletion in EC prevents LPS-induced degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin and nuclear accumulation of FoxO1. d CHFR depletion prevents LPS-induced expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA as above and exposed to LPS for different time periods were used for IB to determine expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. e LPS-induced time-course expression of FoxO1, CHFR, and Ang-2 in HLMVEC. HLMVEC exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h were used for IB. d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were used for IB analysis to determine expression of CHFR and Akt1. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test). b-c HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post transfection, cells challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for different time periods were stained with antibodies specific to VE-cadherin, Akt1, and FoXO1. Confocal imaging shows that CHFR depletion in EC prevents LPS-induced degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin and nuclear accumulation of FoxO1. d CHFR depletion prevents LPS-induced expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. HLMVEC were transfected with Sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA as above and exposed to LPS for different time periods were used for IB to determine expression of FoxO1 and Ang-2. e LPS-induced time-course expression of FoxO1, CHFR, and Ang-2 in HLMVEC. HLMVEC exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h were used for IB. d-e Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Staining, Imaging

    a-d HLMVEC were pretreated with the Akt1 inhibitor (Akt1-inh) for 1 h before stimulation with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. IB analysis showed increased expression of FoxO1, Ang-2, and CHFR, whereas expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin was suppressed. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a-d HLMVEC were pretreated with the Akt1 inhibitor (Akt1-inh) for 1 h before stimulation with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. IB analysis showed increased expression of FoxO1, Ang-2, and CHFR, whereas expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin was suppressed. Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test).

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Expressing

    a-b CHFR deficiency in EC prevents LPS-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1. HLMVEC transfected with sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells were challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 6 h in the presence of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (10 μM). Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-Akt1 mAb and blotted with antibodies specific to K 48 -linked poly-Ub or K 63 -linked poly-Ub ( n = 2 independent experiments) ( a ). Chfr fl/fl (WT) and Chfr ΔEC mice were challenged with LPS (10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 6 h. After the LPS challenge, lungs harvested were used to determine ubiquitylation of Akt1 as above in a (b) . c-f CHFR induces ubiquitylation of activated Akt1. c Control and CHFR-depleted HLMVEC were pretreated with inhibitors of PDK1 and mTORC2 for 30 min and then exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml). Thereafter, cell lysates were used for IB to assess phosphorylation of Akt1. d-e HLMVEC pretreated with or without PDK1 and mTORC2 inhibitors for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (6 h) in the presence of MG123 (10 μM) showed that CHFR binds and ubiquitylates phosphorylated Akt1. f HEK-293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (HA-Ub) (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with N-terminal GFP-tagged WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), N-terminal pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), and phosphorylation-defective Akt1 mutant (Akt1T308A/S473A) (1.5 μg/ml) plasmids. Thirty-six hours after transfection, cells were incubated with MG123 (10 μM) for 3h, and cell lysates were used to determine phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitylation of Akt1.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a-b CHFR deficiency in EC prevents LPS-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1. HLMVEC transfected with sc-siRNA or CHFR-siRNA. At 72 h post-transfection, cells were challenged with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 6 h in the presence of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (10 μM). Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-Akt1 mAb and blotted with antibodies specific to K 48 -linked poly-Ub or K 63 -linked poly-Ub ( n = 2 independent experiments) ( a ). Chfr fl/fl (WT) and Chfr ΔEC mice were challenged with LPS (10 mg/kg; i.p.) for 6 h. After the LPS challenge, lungs harvested were used to determine ubiquitylation of Akt1 as above in a (b) . c-f CHFR induces ubiquitylation of activated Akt1. c Control and CHFR-depleted HLMVEC were pretreated with inhibitors of PDK1 and mTORC2 for 30 min and then exposed to LPS (5 μg/ml). Thereafter, cell lysates were used for IB to assess phosphorylation of Akt1. d-e HLMVEC pretreated with or without PDK1 and mTORC2 inhibitors for 1 h and stimulated with LPS (6 h) in the presence of MG123 (10 μM) showed that CHFR binds and ubiquitylates phosphorylated Akt1. f HEK-293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (HA-Ub) (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with N-terminal GFP-tagged WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), N-terminal pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), and phosphorylation-defective Akt1 mutant (Akt1T308A/S473A) (1.5 μg/ml) plasmids. Thirty-six hours after transfection, cells were incubated with MG123 (10 μM) for 3h, and cell lysates were used to determine phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitylation of Akt1.

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Control, Phospho-proteomics, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Mutagenesis, Incubation

    a Schematics of the domain structures of human CHFR WT and mutants lacking forkhead-associated domain (ΔFHA-CHFR), RING finger domain (ΔRF-CHFR), cysteine-rich domain (ΔCR-CHFR), or poly-ADP ribose binding zinc-finger domain (ΔPBZ-CHFR) used in experiments. b Immunoblot showing expression of eGFP-tagged CHFR (WT) and CHFR mutants (1.5 μg/ml), along with pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) in HEK-293T cells. c Transfected HEK-293T cells were used for anti-GFP agarose beads pull-down assays. Results show that WT-CHFR and CHFR mutants bind to WT-Akt1 in vitro . Bottom panel shows quantification of CHFR binding to Akt1 as a ratio of Akt1-to-GFP-CHFR. arb. units, arbitrary units. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔFHA-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔRF-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), and WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) were used to assess ubiquitylation of Akt1. At 36 h after transfection, cells were incubated with MG132 (10 μM) for 3 h, and then cell lysates were used for IB analysis. e-f HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) or HA-tagged Ubiquitin where all Lysin (K) residues were mutated to Alanine (A) except at K48 or K63, along with WT-CHFR, and WT-Akt1 were used to determine CHFR-mediated linkage specific polyubiquitylation of Akt1.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematics of the domain structures of human CHFR WT and mutants lacking forkhead-associated domain (ΔFHA-CHFR), RING finger domain (ΔRF-CHFR), cysteine-rich domain (ΔCR-CHFR), or poly-ADP ribose binding zinc-finger domain (ΔPBZ-CHFR) used in experiments. b Immunoblot showing expression of eGFP-tagged CHFR (WT) and CHFR mutants (1.5 μg/ml), along with pmCherry-tagged WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) in HEK-293T cells. c Transfected HEK-293T cells were used for anti-GFP agarose beads pull-down assays. Results show that WT-CHFR and CHFR mutants bind to WT-Akt1 in vitro . Bottom panel shows quantification of CHFR binding to Akt1 as a ratio of Akt1-to-GFP-CHFR. arb. units, arbitrary units. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔFHA-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), ΔRF-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), and WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml) were used to assess ubiquitylation of Akt1. At 36 h after transfection, cells were incubated with MG132 (10 μM) for 3 h, and then cell lysates were used for IB analysis. e-f HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) or HA-tagged Ubiquitin where all Lysin (K) residues were mutated to Alanine (A) except at K48 or K63, along with WT-CHFR, and WT-Akt1 were used to determine CHFR-mediated linkage specific polyubiquitylation of Akt1.

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, In Vitro, Incubation, Ubiquitin Proteomics

    HEK-293T cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). The transfected cells were stained with K 48 -linkage specific antibody. Confocal imaging showing the co-localization of HA-Ub (WT), pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), and eGFP-CHFR (WT).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: HEK-293T cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). The transfected cells were stained with K 48 -linkage specific antibody. Confocal imaging showing the co-localization of HA-Ub (WT), pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), and eGFP-CHFR (WT).

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Transfection, Staining, Imaging

    a schematic showing the workflow for LC-MS analysis. HEK293 cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). At 48 h post-transfection, cells were collected and subjected to urea lysis followed by trypsin digestion. The digested peptides were affinity-purified and immunoprecipitated with anti-di-glycine remnant antibodies to enrich for ubiquitylated peptides, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. b shows the Akt1 ubiquitylated “K” containing peptides identified by LC-MS. c Model of Akt1 protein structure showing ubiquitylation sites. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), or Ub-defective Akt1 (K30R, K268R, K39R+K268R, and K30R+K39R+K154R+268R) plasmids were used to study ubiquitylation of Akt1. IB analysis showed that the CHFR-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1 was blocked in “K to R” Akt1 mutants expressing cells compared with WT-Akt1.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a schematic showing the workflow for LC-MS analysis. HEK293 cells were transfected with pmCherry-Akt1 (WT), eGFP-CHFR (WT), and HA-Ub (WT). At 48 h post-transfection, cells were collected and subjected to urea lysis followed by trypsin digestion. The digested peptides were affinity-purified and immunoprecipitated with anti-di-glycine remnant antibodies to enrich for ubiquitylated peptides, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. b shows the Akt1 ubiquitylated “K” containing peptides identified by LC-MS. c Model of Akt1 protein structure showing ubiquitylation sites. d HEK-293T cells transfected with WT-HA-Ub (0.5 μg/ml) alone or co-transfected with WT-CHFR (1.5 μg/ml), WT-Akt1 (1.5 μg/ml), or Ub-defective Akt1 (K30R, K268R, K39R+K268R, and K30R+K39R+K154R+268R) plasmids were used to study ubiquitylation of Akt1. IB analysis showed that the CHFR-induced ubiquitylation of Akt1 was blocked in “K to R” Akt1 mutants expressing cells compared with WT-Akt1.

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Transfection, Lysis, Affinity Purification, Immunoprecipitation, Expressing

    a HMEC were transfected with WT or K/R-mutant Akt1 constructs. At 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 12, and 24h and then cells were used for IB to determine expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin. Shown are mean values ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). b TIME endothelial cells (telomerase-immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line) were transfected with WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs and stimulated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0 and 6 h. Confocal imaging showed that expression of K/R mutant Akt1 prevents degradation of VE-cadherin. c WT mice were injected (i.v.) with liposome-encapsulated pmCherry-tagged WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs. Lungs harvested 96 h after injection were subjected to cryosection and stained with EC marker antibody vWF (green). Confocal imaging confirms expression of pmCherry-Akt1 (red) plasmid in lung endothelial cells. d-f Liposome-mediated delivery of Akt1 (WT) or K/R-mutated Akt1 in WT mice prevents degradation of VE-cadherin, mitigates LPS-induced lung vascular leak (EBA uptake), and reduces PMN transmigration (MPO assay). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 or n = 5 mice/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). g Model for E3 ligase CHFR regulation of endothelial junctional barrier integrity. Under baseline condition, constitutive Ang1-Tie2 signaling in EC maintains endothelial junctional barrier through Akt1 activation-mediated inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 activation and Ang-2 expression. During vascular inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, TLR4 signaling induces the expression of E3 ligase CHFR in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Then the upregulated CHFR mediates K 48 -linked polyubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin (Tiruppathi et al., 2023) to disassemble EC junctional barrier. CHFR-mediated loss of FoxO1 negative regulator Akt1 expression in EC leads to increased FoxO1 expression which in turn promotes sustained expression of Ang-2 in EC to induce life-threatening pulmonary edema.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ubiquitin ligase CHFR impairs Tie2 signaling via K 48 -linked ubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 in endothelial cells

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715582

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a HMEC were transfected with WT or K/R-mutant Akt1 constructs. At 36 h after transfection, cells were treated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0, 12, and 24h and then cells were used for IB to determine expression of Akt1 and VE-cadherin. Shown are mean values ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). b TIME endothelial cells (telomerase-immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line) were transfected with WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs and stimulated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 0 and 6 h. Confocal imaging showed that expression of K/R mutant Akt1 prevents degradation of VE-cadherin. c WT mice were injected (i.v.) with liposome-encapsulated pmCherry-tagged WT or K/R mutant Akt1 constructs. Lungs harvested 96 h after injection were subjected to cryosection and stained with EC marker antibody vWF (green). Confocal imaging confirms expression of pmCherry-Akt1 (red) plasmid in lung endothelial cells. d-f Liposome-mediated delivery of Akt1 (WT) or K/R-mutated Akt1 in WT mice prevents degradation of VE-cadherin, mitigates LPS-induced lung vascular leak (EBA uptake), and reduces PMN transmigration (MPO assay). Shown are mean values ± SEM ( n = 3 or n = 5 mice/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). g Model for E3 ligase CHFR regulation of endothelial junctional barrier integrity. Under baseline condition, constitutive Ang1-Tie2 signaling in EC maintains endothelial junctional barrier through Akt1 activation-mediated inhibition of the transcription factor FoxO1 activation and Ang-2 expression. During vascular inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, TLR4 signaling induces the expression of E3 ligase CHFR in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Then the upregulated CHFR mediates K 48 -linked polyubiquitylation and degradation of Akt1 and VE-cadherin (Tiruppathi et al., 2023) to disassemble EC junctional barrier. CHFR-mediated loss of FoxO1 negative regulator Akt1 expression in EC leads to increased FoxO1 expression which in turn promotes sustained expression of Ang-2 in EC to induce life-threatening pulmonary edema.

    Article Snippet: Rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Akt1 (catalog #2938S; immunoblot [IB], 1:1000; immunostaining [IS], 1:150, immunoprecipitation [IP], 1 μg/100 μg cell lysate protein), rabbit mAb against FoxO1 (catalog #2880; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(T24) (catalog #9464; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-FoxO1(S256) (catalog #9461; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against GSK3β (catalog #9315; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-GSK3β (catalog #9322; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against Akt1 (catalog #2938; IB, 1:1000; IS, 1:100), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(T308) (catalog #13038; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against Phospho-Akt1(S473) (catalog #4058; IB, 1:1000), rabbit (mAb) against phospho-β-catenin (catalog #9561; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K63-linkage-specific (catalog #5621S; IB, 1:1000), rabbit mAb against ubiquitin K48-linkage-specific (catalog #4289S; IB, 1:1000 were from Cell Signaling Technology.

    Techniques: Transfection, Mutagenesis, Construct, Expressing, Imaging, Injection, Staining, Marker, Plasmid Preparation, Transmigration Assay, MPO Assay, Activation Assay, Inhibition

    Western blot confirmed that CEP can inhibit the proliferation of WPMY-1 by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (A) Western blot analysis showed that CEP could significantly inhibit the expression of FN1 and also had a certain inhibitory effect on the total protein expression of AKT and EGFR, but there was no statistical difference; (B) Compared with the DMSO group, 2.5 μM CEP treatment for 48 h significantly reduced the expression of p-AKT and p-EGFR, and 5 μM CEP further aggravated the inhibitory effect; (C) Quantitative analysis of AKT, p-AKT, EGFR, p-EGFR and FN1 by Western blot; (D) phosphorylation level analysis simultaneously showed that the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-EGFR/EGFR in the CEP group were significantly decreased. Data are presented as mean ± SD, and were analyzed with One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ****p < 0.0001. NS: Non-significant; Cep: Cepharanthine.

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Cepharanthine may inhibit the proliferation of prostate cells by blocking the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: comprehensive network analysis, molecular docking, and experimental evaluation

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1654757

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot confirmed that CEP can inhibit the proliferation of WPMY-1 by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (A) Western blot analysis showed that CEP could significantly inhibit the expression of FN1 and also had a certain inhibitory effect on the total protein expression of AKT and EGFR, but there was no statistical difference; (B) Compared with the DMSO group, 2.5 μM CEP treatment for 48 h significantly reduced the expression of p-AKT and p-EGFR, and 5 μM CEP further aggravated the inhibitory effect; (C) Quantitative analysis of AKT, p-AKT, EGFR, p-EGFR and FN1 by Western blot; (D) phosphorylation level analysis simultaneously showed that the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-EGFR/EGFR in the CEP group were significantly decreased. Data are presented as mean ± SD, and were analyzed with One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ****p < 0.0001. NS: Non-significant; Cep: Cepharanthine.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against AKT (No. 75692), phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) (No. 4060), EGFR (No. 4267), phosphorylated EGFR (Tyr1068) (No. 3777), FN1 (No. A0056-3), and GAPDH (No. 2118) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Boston, USA).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Phospho-proteomics

    Changes in the AKT1 expression level in replicative-aged BMSCs. (A) SA-β-gal staining to observe cellular senescence. Scale bar, 75 µm. (B) WB detection of the protein expression levels of the cellular senescence markers, p21 and p16, in the P10-MSCs group and P3-MSCs group. (C) WB and PCR were used to detect the relative AKT1 protein and mRNA levels, respectively. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001. BMSCs, bone mesenchymal stromal cells; SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase; WB, western blotting.

    Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

    Article Title: Activation of AKT1 enhances the capacity of senescent BMSCs to regulate osteoclast activation

    doi: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13642

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in the AKT1 expression level in replicative-aged BMSCs. (A) SA-β-gal staining to observe cellular senescence. Scale bar, 75 µm. (B) WB detection of the protein expression levels of the cellular senescence markers, p21 and p16, in the P10-MSCs group and P3-MSCs group. (C) WB and PCR were used to detect the relative AKT1 protein and mRNA levels, respectively. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001. BMSCs, bone mesenchymal stromal cells; SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase; WB, western blotting.

    Article Snippet: The membrane was then incubated with primary antibodies against AKT1 (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. A17909; 1:1,000), p16 (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. A23882; 1:1,000), p21 (Proteintech Group, Inc.; cat. no. 28248-1-AP, 1:2,000) and β-actin (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. AC026; 1:50,000) overnight at 4°C.

    Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Western Blot

    Overexpression efficiency of AKT1 was detected by WB and PCR. (A) Detection of the protein expression levels of AKT1, p16 and p21 through WB. (B) AKT1 protein expression in the four groups (P10-MSCs, P3-MSCs, P10-MSCs + pcDNA NC and P10-MSCs + pcDNA AKT1). (C) AKT1 mRNA expression in the four groups (P10-MSCs, P3-MSCs, P10-MSCs + pcDNA NC and P10-MSCs + pcDNA AKT1). *P<0.05, ****P<0.0001. WB, western blotting.

    Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

    Article Title: Activation of AKT1 enhances the capacity of senescent BMSCs to regulate osteoclast activation

    doi: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13642

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression efficiency of AKT1 was detected by WB and PCR. (A) Detection of the protein expression levels of AKT1, p16 and p21 through WB. (B) AKT1 protein expression in the four groups (P10-MSCs, P3-MSCs, P10-MSCs + pcDNA NC and P10-MSCs + pcDNA AKT1). (C) AKT1 mRNA expression in the four groups (P10-MSCs, P3-MSCs, P10-MSCs + pcDNA NC and P10-MSCs + pcDNA AKT1). *P<0.05, ****P<0.0001. WB, western blotting.

    Article Snippet: The membrane was then incubated with primary antibodies against AKT1 (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. A17909; 1:1,000), p16 (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. A23882; 1:1,000), p21 (Proteintech Group, Inc.; cat. no. 28248-1-AP, 1:2,000) and β-actin (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. AC026; 1:50,000) overnight at 4°C.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Western Blot

    Effect of AKT1 overexpression on the replicative senescence of BMSCs. (A) SA-β-gal staining to observe cellular senescence. Scale bar, 75 µm. (B and C) Protein expression of the cell ageing markers, p21 and p16, in the four groups (P10-MSCs, P3-MSCs, P10-MSCs + pcDNA NC and P10-MSCs + pcDNA AKT1). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001. BMSCs, bone mesenchymal stromal cells; SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase.

    Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

    Article Title: Activation of AKT1 enhances the capacity of senescent BMSCs to regulate osteoclast activation

    doi: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13642

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AKT1 overexpression on the replicative senescence of BMSCs. (A) SA-β-gal staining to observe cellular senescence. Scale bar, 75 µm. (B and C) Protein expression of the cell ageing markers, p21 and p16, in the four groups (P10-MSCs, P3-MSCs, P10-MSCs + pcDNA NC and P10-MSCs + pcDNA AKT1). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001. BMSCs, bone mesenchymal stromal cells; SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase.

    Article Snippet: The membrane was then incubated with primary antibodies against AKT1 (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. A17909; 1:1,000), p16 (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. A23882; 1:1,000), p21 (Proteintech Group, Inc.; cat. no. 28248-1-AP, 1:2,000) and β-actin (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd.; cat. no. AC026; 1:50,000) overnight at 4°C.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Staining, Expressing